The Irony of the Story free essay sample

The story titled The Lottery written by Shirley Jackson is an interesting story with an unpredictable ending. The story tells us about a tradition in a small town which is held every year. The tradition is called ‘the lottery’ where the ‘winner’ will be stoned to death. Actually it is a horrible tradition, but in the story it is considered usual, and even acceptable in the society. There are several irony that we can see in the story according to that ‘scapegoat’ tradition. One of the irony is the atmosphere in the town when the lottery is held. The author describes the situation that is â€Å"†¦clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full summer day, the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. † (Page 357). That kind of situation is contradictory with the fact that there is someone will be put to death by the town’s people that day. We will write a custom essay sample on The Irony of the Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The atmosphere should be sad or gloomy. Moreover, the person who will be put to death could be one of their families. Another irony is seen in the way the people behave. †¦, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husband† (Page 358). Those two sentences in the story show fun and happy condition, although they actually know what they are going to do next (which is killing somebody). We can see another irony in the sentence one of the characters say, â€Å"Seems like there’s no time at all between lotteries any more. Seems like we got through with the last one only last week† (Page 361). The sentence shows that the people are excited with the tradition so they always look forward to it. And it also show that the people in that town are immoral and do not have the feeling of humanity. Another irony is shown in the sentence â€Å"Nancy and Bill, Jr. opened theirs at the same time, and both beamed and laughed, turning around to the crowd and holding their slips of paper above their heads† (Page 363). That condition is weird because they should be sad because one of their families will be put to death, but on the contrary, they are relieved and happy another person have the marked paper. The sentence â€Å"Mrs. Delacroix selected a stone so large she had to pick it up with both hands†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 363) also shows irony because it seems that she really enjoy doing assassination, although it is her own friend and they are just having a joke a couple hours ago. Another sentence â€Å"†¦, and someone gave little Davy Hutchinson a few pebbles. † (Page 364) infer that the tradition should be done by all of the member of the society, including the children. The irony is that sentence shows how the grown up teach the children to slay a human; furthermore, the person who has been slay is Mrs. Hutchinson, his own mother. From the one whole story there are another irony. We can see it from the title, the point of view, the diction, and the plot itself. From the title ‘The Lottery’, it is an irony because lottery refers to something which is good, because usually if we win a lottery we will get prizes or money, but lottery in this story is different because the winner will be sentence to death. The winner is actually not win but lost. 1 From the point of view we can see the irony, because from the third point of view, the readers are not know about what will happen in the end of the story, because the readers can not know what the characters think or what is in their mind. It makes the outcome of the story really surprising. From the diction we can see the author is use words which are represented happiness and a normal every day life of people, and it really contradict with the actual situation in the story. 1 From the plot we can also see the irony, how the story is build from the beginning (happy, summer time) until the end of the story which shows the irony of the story (the horrible tradition; killing people). In conclusion, ‘The Lottery’ is an ironical story. It has a very surprising ending, but not too good ending actually. Overall, I like the story.

Small Business Marketing Strategy Principles

Question: Discuss about the Small Business Marketing Strategy Principles. Answer: Analysis of segmentation variable Geographic: According to Darrell (2013), it has been seen that majority of the Australian customers prefer the food items of McDonalds. In Australian market, the company has done a business of $4 billion. Darrell (2013) opined that more than 55% of the customers in Australia visited McDonalds in 2014-15. In Australia, it is giving strong competition to the brands such as KFC. The locations are very convenient to the customers and this is one of the primary reasons behind McDonalds success. Demographic: As discussed by Richards et al (2015), in Australia, McDonalds target customers belong to all age groups. The store ambience is made in a way to attract mainly the young people and also to provide comfort to all its customers. However, the urban youth are the target customers. Richards et al (2015) stated that customers visit the retail shop of McDonalds minimum 2.7 times in four weeks. Psychographic: One can see health-consciousness among the Australian people. The products of McDonalds contain excessive amounts of calorie and fat, which the customers do not prefer always. The food quality is the sole reason of its reduction in sales; however, still most of the customers go to the McDonalds relying on its goodwill. According to Maslows Hierarchy of needs, MacDonalds target is to build an intimate relationship with its customers, satisfy their psychological needs and make them happy. Although they failed to provide healthy foods, the brand has retained their business. Benefit and User-rate segmentation: It is a part of behavioral segmentation. By targeting the psychological needs of the customers, the brand has tried to provide a good environment. The product is positioned in the market as a satisfier to their psychological needs with a variety of products too. Most of the customers prefer eating burgers. So the brand has focused on serving delicious burgers to all. McDonalds has established its brand name not only through fast foods but also through its various Corporate Social Responsibilities. The recent annual report has proved this point. Targeting strategy of McDonalds According to Gerhardt et al (2014), target market strategy includes four divisions. These are- Undifferentiated marketing, multi-segment or differentiated marketing, concentrated marketing, and customized marketing. McDonalds target market strategy is an undifferentiated marketing. Gerhardt et al (2014) opined that the company does not segregate its customers in terms of their age, race, gender, or economic condition. Australias fast food market is growing with time. Popularity of KFC along with the McDonalds prove this fact. People of all age groups visit McDonalds to taste burgers, which has made the managers focus on producing delicious burgers. They do not have any specific target customers. Still, the young urban youth prefer McDonalds fast food items. As Gerhardt et al (2014) discussed that sometimes the excessive fat and calorie in the food products give negative results. The primary aim of McDonalds is to ensure a hazard free and user-friendly atmosphere. Low food processing time, nutrition, affordability, and taste are the primary factors, which they keep in mind during their service. McDonald uses only one marketing mix strategy that does includes price, placement, product, and promotion. It is a fast food brand with reputation of producing best burgers in Australia and all customers are influenced to visit the shop quite frequently. Product positioning of McDonalds According to Qureshi and Hassan (2013), product positioning helps the brand to make its mark. McDonalds marketing strategy also does this successfully. McDonald allures the customers not only in Australia but also in other parts of the world. While making the marketing mix strategy the company has given immense focus to establish the brand, therefore, the product positioning is an important part of McDonalds business. Sachdeva (2015) stated that at present, they are focusing on more variety in their products so that they could limit the brand value. As opined by Crawford (2015), the objective is to sustain volatility through increasing the creativity. Again, their focus has not shifted from emphasizing on a particular product that establishes McDonald as a brand. It is the burger that is liked by most of the customers. According to Rowley et al (2016), the Corporate Social Responsibility that they undertake also helped establishing the brand. The SWOT analysis of the brand will make this clear. Strengths: The brand name, new range of products, CSR, and the profits that they gain are their Strengths. Weaknesses: Unhealthy foods, high prices of products and bad after service are the main weaknesses. Opportunity: They can produce healthy food items too besides fast foods. Threats: As discussed by Jaworowska et al (2013), Competitors such as KFC is a threat to McDonalds. Apart from that their high calorie and high fat contained food items are banned in some countries. Conclusion McDonalds marketing strategy is analyzed based on the three factors. These are- Segmentation, Target market, and Positioning. It is called the STP of marketing strategy. McDonalds leads the world business as the largest producers of fast foods across the globe. In Australia, more than half of the country people visit McDonalds stores in fewer intervals. They have introduced new products which are alluring the customers. Still, the brand has established itself as the producer of delicious burgers. However, McDonalds does not segregate its customers and try to serve for all age groups. In some areas of the world, they have customized products for varied range of customers, although in Australia, the burger is sold in large numbers and McDonalds have focused on this item only. Although the products are unhealthy, the customers eat them. The primary reason behind it is the user-friendly environment that satisfies their psychological needs. They provide them good service in a low cost. As they do not have any specific target groups, they do not have multiple pricing systems. It has resulted into a huge amount of profit that they achieved. On the other hand, the SWOT analysis of organization has proved that McDonalds is facing competition from KFC, which is their biggest threat. Other threats and weaknesses of McDonalds include the unhealthy food items because of which it is banned in many countries. References Crawford, A., 2015. McDonald's: A Case Study in Glocalization. Journal of Global Business Issues, 9(1), p.11. Darrell, O., 2013. McDonalds marketing strategy. Docs. school Publications. Gerhardt, S., Hazen, S. and Lewis, S., 2014. Small Business Marketing Strategy Based on McDonald's. ASBBS Proceedings, 21(1), p.271. Jaworowska, A., Blackham, T., Davies, I.G. and Stevenson, L., 2013. Nutritional challenges and health implications of takeaway and fast food. Nutrition reviews, 71(5), pp.310-318. Qureshi, A. and Hassan, M., 2013. Impact of performance management on the organisational performance: An analytical investigation of the business model of McDonalds. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(5), p.54. Richards, Z., Thomas, S.L., Randle, M. and Pettigrew, S., 2015. Corporate Social Responsibility programs of Big Food in Australia: a content analysis of industry documents. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 39(6), pp.550-556. Rowley, B. and McMurtrey, M.E., 2016. McDonald's and the Triple Bottom Line: A Case Study of Corporate Sustainability. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, 11(1), p.33. Sachdeva, A., 2015. Evaluation and selection of differentiation as a strategy for McDonalds.

Kubla Khan Essays (5570 words) - British Poetry,

Kubla Khan Kubla Khan If a man could pass thro' Paradise in a Dream, & have a flower presented to him as a pledge that his Soul had really been there, & found that flower in his hand when he awoke -- Aye! and what then? (CN, iii 4287) Kubla Khan is a fascinating and exasperating poem written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge (. Almost everyone who has read it, has been charmed by its magic. It must surely be true that no poem of comparable length in English or any other language has been the subject of so much critical commentary. Its fifty-four lines have spawned thousands of pages of discussion and analysis. Kubla Khan is the sole or a major subject in five book-length studies; close to 150 articles and book-chapters (doubtless I have missed some others) have been devoted exclusively to it; and brief notes and incidental comments on it are without number. Despite this deluge, however, there is no critical unanimity and very little agreement on a number of important issues connected with the poem: its date of composition, its meaning, its sources in Coleridge's reading and observation of nature, its structural integrity (i.e. fragment versus complete poem), and its relationship to the Preface by which Coleridge introduc ed it on its first publication in 1816. Coleridge's philosophical explorations appear in his greatest poems. 'Kubla Khan', with its exotic imagery and symbols, rich vocabulary and rhythms, written, by Coleridge's account, under the influence of laudanum, was often considered a brilliant work, but without any defined theme. However, despite its complexity the poem can be read as a well-constructed exposition on human genius and art. The theme of life and nature again appears in 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner', where the effect on nature of a crime against the power of life is presented in the form of a ballad. 'Christabel', an unfinished 'gothic' ballad, evokes a sinister atmosphere, hinting at evil and the grotesque. In his poems Coleridge's detailed perception of nature links scene and mood, and leads to a contemplation of moral and universal concerns. In his theory of poetry Coleridge stressed the aesthetic quality as the primary consideration. The metrical theory on which 'Christabel' is constructed helped to break th e fetters of 18th-century correctness and monotony and soon found disciples, among others Walter Scott and Lord Byron. Opium and the Dream of Kubla Khan Coleridge's use of opium has long been a topic of fascination, and the grouping of Coleridge, opium and Kubla Khan formed an inevitable triad long before Elisabeth Schneider combined them in the title of her book. It is tempting on a subject of such intrinsic interest to say more than is necessary for the purpose in hand. Since the medicinal use of opium was so common and wide-spread, it is not surprising to learn that its use involved neither legal penalties nor public stigma. All of the Romantic poets (except Wordsworth) are known to have used it, as did many other prominent contemporaries. Supplies were readily available: in 1830, for instance, Britain imported 22,000 pounds of raw opium. Many Englishmen, like the eminently respectable poet-parson George Crabbe, who took opium in regular but moderate quantity for nearly forty years, were addicts in ignorance, and led stable and productive lives despite their habit. By and large, opium was taken for granted; and it was only the terrible experiences of such articulate addicts as Coleridge and Dequincy that eventually began to bring the horrors of the drug to public attention. Coleridge's case is a particularly sad and instructive one. He had used opium as early as 1791 (see CL, i 18) and continued to use it occasionally, on medical advice, to alleviate pain from a series of physical and nervous ailments. But the opium cure proved ultimately to be more devastating in its effects than the troubles it was intended to treat, for such large quantities taken over so many months seduced him unwittingly into slavery to the drug. And his life between 1801 and 1806 (when he returned from Malta) is a somber illustration of a growing and, finally, a hopeless bondage to opium. By the time he realized he was addicted, however, it was too late. He consulted a variety

Using the Common French Expression Casser Les Pieds

Using the Common French Expression 'Casser Les Pieds' The French expression casser les pieds quelquun is a weird one, a true idiom that doesnt directly translate. Phrased correctly, it means to annoy someone. This expression has evolved from casser la cervelle to casser les oreilles to casser les pieds, with the meaning of casser being more to crush than to break. It is a very commonly-used expression in French. Il me casse les pieds avec ses problà ¨mes He really annoys/bores me with his problems. The idea behind casser les pieds is more annoyance than boredom. But its used with both meanings. Note that the construction requires an indirect object pronoun. This means the expression is used with words such as me, te, lui, nous, vous, and leur. Idioms are tricky in every language. In French, its not usual to say break a leg to wish good luck to someone, for example. Casser les Pieds This is an odd-looking idiom. If you say casser les pieds quelquun, it means to annoy/bore someone. If you say casser les pieds DE quelquun its physical, and it means you broke someones feet. On jouait au foot...Pierre a tirà © dans le ballon en mà ªme temps que moi. Il ma donnà © un grand coup de pied et il ma cassà © le pied. We were playing soccer...Peter shot the ball at the same time as I did. He kicked me hard and broke my foot. Pierre a passà © la soirà ©e me raconter ses problà ¨mes de coeur, et quand je lui ai dit darrà ªter, il est allà © casser les pieds quelquun dautre. Pierre spent the evening telling me his love problems, and when I told him to stop, he went on to annoy someone else. Synonyms There are a number of synonyms for this phase, including some very common vulgar options that appear in everyday French language and pop culture. Boredom Sennuyer (very common) Sennuyer comme un rat mort, or like a dead rat, which means to be very bored. (Common expression) Se faire chier (very common vulgar slang) Annoyance Ennuyer, agacer, exaspà ©rer, importuner (quite formal) quelquun. Casser les oreilles quelquun meeans literally to break someones ears, but this expression is mostly used when someone talks too much. Faire chier quelquun (very common vulgar slang)

Managing the Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing the Supply Chain - Essay Example Each of these factors related to Toyota have been discussed in the following sections. Background of Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation was founded in 1927 by Kiichiro Toyoda and it is presently a multinational automaker employing 317,716 employees worldwide. The majority of the company’s sales are generated from the overseas regions. There are currently 15 companies under the Toyota Group including non-automotive companies Towa Real Estate and Toyota Housing Corporation (Appendix 1). The company has a large fleet of cars, MPVs, SUVs and hybrid models. Toyota’s global vision is to exceed the expectations and rewarded with a smile through its commitment to quality, respect for planet and constant innovation (Toyota Motor Corporation-a, 2012). Toyota has its operations worldwide including Canada, U.S.A., Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and Middle East. Its regional headquarters are in U.S.A., Belgium, Thailand and Singapore whereas its major R&D centers are in U.S.A., Japan, France, Belgium, Thailand, Australia and China (Toyota Motor Corporation-b, 2012). ... The salaried supervisors are group leaders who support the functions of whole group. Figure 1 shows an organizational structure of Toyota in relation to support and responsibilities. The production employees are a part of groups of 20-30 people as per the needs of the work area. The group leaders i.e. supervisors are responsible for the groups and report to assistant managers each of whom is responsible for 4-6 supervisors and all production related activities. The manager above him/her is also responsible for the production activities but not the daily activities like the assistant managers. Depending on the number of employees in a department a number of managers report to the assistant general manager and so on. The production system in Toyota is based on JIT system based on elimination of activities which consume resources and which do not create values for customers, and keeping the inventories at minimum levels. Overall it is a method of cutting the time taken to convert orders from customers into deliveries. But as per Toyota all this can only be achieved by philosophy of continuous improvement and respect for its customers, suppliers, dealers and employees. The employees are given vague instructions and broad targets instead of rules to inculcate the habit of setting targets for self (Iyer, 2009, p.158-160). Figure 1: Toyota's Organizational Structure of one of its facilities in U.S.A. Source: (Liker & Meier, 2005, p.223) Product Development Process & SCM The new product development process at Toyota follows the following steps: 1. The product planning department conducts research and analysis, draws up product plan including line-ups and schedules for

Clinical Biochemistry Essay Short questions(degree)

Clinical Biochemistry Short questions(degree) - Essay Example To diagnose Cushing’s syndrome levels of free cortisol are checked in the urine. Levels of cortisol in the saliva and serum are checked at midnight to confirm the disease. Dexamethasone which is a synthetic glucocorticoid is administered which leads to decreased cortisol if the increased levels are due to a tumor in the anterior pituitary. Addisons disease is characterized by insufficiency of cortisol which is caused mostly due to production of antibodies against the adrenal gland within the body. This leads to decreased glucose metabolism in the body causing hypoglycemia and it can prove to be fatal in periods of stress and mild infections. Hyperpigmentation is also seen. Levels of free cortisol are checked in the urine and serum and saliva levels of cortisol are checked at midnight. Adrenocorticotropin hormone is then administered and levels of cortisol are measure. If they do not rise it indicates the insufficiency of the adrenal gland and rules out any problem with the ant erior pituitary. Radioimmunoassay is a technique in which a known quantity of labeled antibody and a labeled antigen is taken. This known complex is added to with unknown quantity of serum containing the antigens which needs to be measured. The unlabelled antigen displaces the labeled antigen and combines with the antibody. This unlabelled antigen and antibody is measured. Different quantities of serum are taken and added to the labeled complex and a graph is plotted and the values for the antigen in serum are measured. This method is extremely sensitive and specific because the antigen and antibody complexes formed are very specific for each other. It is also very sensitive because it can detect small amounts of antigen. The results obtained are accurate if many samples are taken. To improve accuracy it is important to purify the sample as well the reactants from foreign particles to prevent any false results. More samples

School Building Planning And Construction Physical Education Essay

School Building Planning And Construction Physical Education Essay School buildings are an integral part in the formal education of the student. They are to be designed and constructed in such a way that will enhance the potential of each student and boost the learning process. There are many considerations when designing and building a school. Some of these include: Accessibility Schools buildings must be designed in such a way that will provide equal access to all. It must also be designed to be flexible to increase the probability of being able to provide equal access throughout the life-cycle of the facilities. Aesthetics Focusing on the physical appearance of the school must not be neglected. The school building must be attractive and pleasing to the eye, with a similar context of the neighborhood, in order to develop a sense of ownership and pride among the members of the community, most especially to the teachers/staff and students of the school. In addition, there should be a clear balance between the exterior features of the school and the neighborhood, reflecting the values of the community, while the interior features should develop the learning process. Cost-effectiveness Being cost-effective does not mean that the quality of the school building will be compromised, rather, being cost-effective means that the school should use facilities that can save money over time by balancing the design and constructions costs with the costs of maintaining and operating the facility. Functionality The school must be able to give a high quality formal education to its students as it has promised by creating a learning environment that will enhance and speedup the learning process. Productivity A productive school must be able to provide the students and teachers a comfortable, safe and healthy environment in order to achieve maximum potential. Security A safe and secure school building has always been and is still the most important goal of project managers, engineers and architects. A safe and secure school building must have a fire protection system, must consider the safety and health of its occupants and visitors, must be able to resist natural hazards, and must be able to effectively secure the assets of the school (material assets and human assets occupants and visitors). Sustainability With all the talk on global warming and climate change, the concern for the environment has grown tremendously. Considering that every activity has a direct and indirect impact on the environment, school building construction and operations are not exempt from impacting the environment as it uses raw materials and water and energy resources, and in turn, produces solid and liquid waste and gas emissions. A sustainable school must optimize site potential, energy use and operational and maintenance practices, use environment-friendly products and materials, conserve water and enhance environmental quality within the school building. Community-Centered As a community-centered school, it must be able to serve the community as a whole. Considering all the elements of a school building stated above, this paper will provide a comprehensive planning and design of a school. The school designed and planned in this paper will cater secondary students, which will generally include grades 9 to 12. The total number of students will be approximately 250 to 300 students. Essential Spaces Needed The following are the different spaces that will constitute the school building. Each of it will be discussed in the following section. The Administration Unit The administration unit is particularly important in any type of school as it provides a specific hub for its staff, as well as an area for interaction between the staff, students and parents. The schools administration unit will be located at the main entrance of the school, which is directly accessible to the public and may be accessed after school hours and on weekends. The administration unit will include private offices for the schools principal and assistant principal and open offices for its clerks, a lobby with a visitors waiting area, a small conference room for meetings and small conferences and a faculty room for teachers. The lobby will have writing and seating surfaces used for completing forms and notes. The faculty room will have enough space for administrative activities such as photocopying, assembling and fastening documents needed for their classes. The administration unit will also have spaces for storage of their office supplies, equipments (i.e. computers, print ers, scanners, copiers, telephones, etc.), LAN central location, and mail boxes. This unit will also provide adult restrooms for the employees and its visitors. Lounge for Faculty and Staff This space will be especially designed for the teachers and staff of the school for relaxation, small informal meetings with other teachers and staff, and dining. The lounge will be located near the administration unit. Health Services Unit Located next to the administration unit, the health services unit will provide health services to the students and employees of the school. It should be noted that information taken from the health services unit are private and confidential, and so, the students health records and information will be properly stored and will only be disclosed to appropriate people such as the schools administrators, their teachers and counselors and healthcare aides. The health services unit will include a cot room, an examination area for visiting doctors and other healthcare professionals, a nurses desk, a ten-foot long eye examination lane, a first aid space, patients waiting area and a private storage for medical supplies, equipments and medications. Counseling and Attendance Unit The counseling and attendance unit will serve as an area for guidance and counseling programs and a service center for students arranging their enrolment and transfers, as well as an area for the maintenance of students attendance records and files. Sometimes joined together with the administration unit and located next to the main entrance, the counseling area where counselors administer psychological examinations, discuss exam results and problems with the students and their parents, and keep records and files of each student. This unit will include private offices for the counselors with a working space, guest seating and computer workstation, interview and testing areas, and a waiting area for guests. General Classrooms Probably the central element of any school, the classrooms will be designed for approximately 25 to 30 students per class. There will be a total of ten classrooms in this school with approximately 960 square feet each. The classrooms will be laid out in linear form accessed by internal corridors. They will be situated somewhere that is easily accessible to other essential areas critical for their studies such as the library or media center, PE facilities, administration and health services unit, cafeteria and restrooms. Science Classrooms Science classrooms, which are critical for learning practical applications of scientific theories, will be designed with approximately 1,300 square feet. Situated away from the other rooms, the science classrooms will have ample working spaces for fixed learning stations to perform their laboratory experiments and for lectures. The classroom will have a separate preparation room, which may be directly accessed from the science classroom. This separate preparation room will serve as a space for preparing and storing of supplies and equipments Physical Education Facilities/Gymnasium Physical education, intended to develop the physical and social skills of the students, need a gymnasium for its activities (i.e. individual/team sports, body mechanics, rhythmic lessons, health, safety and first aid sessions). The gymnasium will be approximately 7,500 square feet and will include sports areas, team rooms, showers and lockers. Other essential spaces will be for the lobby, ticket booth, press area, snack bar and laundry areas. The gymnasium will also have private offices for P.E. teachers and team coaches, usually in parallel sight to locker rooms, and public toilets, separate from the shower and locker areas. Situated adjacent to play fields, the gymnasium may be directly accessed by the public for community usage and after school hours. It will have a distinct entrance/exit gates for absolute control of events and will be fully secured from other areas of the school to avoid intrusion of other school spaces during weekend and evening events. Library and Media Center The school library and media center, designed to cater the augmentation of the instructional needs of the students, will be located at the heart of the academic spaces of the school, easily accessed by the students from their classrooms and by the public for community use and after school hours. Similar to the gymnasium, the library and media center will be properly secured from other areas of the school to avoid intrusion of other school spaces during weekend and evening events. This area will be designed to be visually appealing and pleasing to the students to encourage the development of positive attitudes towards researching, reading, studying and learning. This area will include computer stations for student usage (i.e. research/report writing), spaces for multimedia presentations, private office space for librarian and open workrooms for its staff. The library and media center will be fully equipped with technological equipments such as electrical outlets, data network connecti ons, open and closed circuit televisions, and phone extensions. Because the library and media center contains state-of-the-art media facilities and technology, as well as special collections of books and journals, the library and media center will be properly secured with visual supervision from the circulation desk to student work areas, stack space and study spaces and book-theft detection system located at exit points. Special book collections and media and technological equipments will also have a proper secure storage space, wherein students must ask for assistance from staff when they intend to use such books and equipments. Food Services Unit The food services unit will include the kitchen, cafeteria, lunch center and outdoor eating spaces. The kitchen is situated wherein it is directly accessible to the cafeteria and service and delivery vehicles, but is separated from the academic areas of the school. The kitchen will have a food preparation area, a serving area, an office, a changing area, locker rooms and restrooms for the staff, janitor/custodian room (for food services unit only) and storage rooms (walk-in freezer/refrigerator). The kitchen will have serving windows, stainless steel sinks and work surfaces, stainless steel counter tops for its serving areas, a dish shelf, an exhaust air system and a wet chemical fire extinguishing system. The cafeteria will be located where it is directly accessible from the kitchen and to the lunch shelter and restrooms. There will be sufficient space for the waiting line in the cafeteria, with specific orientations in providing a smooth traffic flow. There will be covered sun and rain protection at the waiting line, food serving area and to the lunch shelter. Expecting to have plenty of trash from the cafeteria, there will be sufficient trash and recycling containers throughout the cafeteria and with an adjacent storage room for cleaning supplies. The lunch shelter, while easily accessible to the cafeteria, will also be easily accessible to outdoor eating spaces. It will be designed in such a way that it can provide shelter from sun and rain, but with an open and airy atmosphere. The lunch shelter will have at least two drinking fountains within the vicinity. Lastly, the outdoor eating spaces, which will supplement the schools cafeteria and lunch shelter, will have tables and chairs and some benches. It will be designed in such a way that there is minimal heat reflection and glare, perhaps offering some shade to protect the students from the sun. Restrooms There will be separate restrooms for students and employees of the school. Restrooms for students will be located within 200 feet of all classrooms, while restrooms for the employees will be located near their workstations, also within 200 feet or less. Aside from this, restrooms will also be found in the different areas of the school to cater the occupants of the schools different units mentioned such as the administrative unit, health services unit, library and media center, gymnasium, cafeteria, eating spaces, etc. Drinking Fountains Similar to restrooms, drinking fountains will also be located in the different areas of the school to cater the occupants of the schools different units and other public areas where students will gather together. They may be placed next to the student restroom entries and eating spaces and inside and outside the gymnasium and other P.E. facilities. The drinking fountains will not be made of stainless steel, especially those that are subjected to direct sunlight, to avoid heat upsurge inside the unit. Lockers There will be two types of lockers: books lockers and P.E. lockers. Each student will have one book locker, located in locker recesses in covered walks or in corridors. P.E. lockers will be separately provided for male and female students and P.E. teachers. The lockers will be extremely visible for easy supervision. They will have built-in combination locks, with a master-key for emergency purposes. Public Payphones There will be public payphones located within the schools vicinity in an accessible route in compliance with the accessibility requirements. Other Considerations Aside from the essential spaces provided, there are other considerations in the planning of the school building that will be discussed in this section in order to achieve maximum learning processes. Comfort (Acoustic/Thermal and Visual Comfort) To enhance the learning processes of the students, their comfort will be given priority. The noise levels of the school will be kept at minimum. These include noises from outside the school (i.e. noise from vehicles, aircrafts, etc.), corridors (i.e. conversations and foot traffic), other classrooms, mechanical equipments, and even noise from inside the classrooms. The school will also take note on the thermal comfort of the students and the teachers as it significantly affects their performances. The school will have independent controls in all classrooms to oversee and easily manage the temperature to facilitate the changes in activities, occupancy levels and personal preferences. Visual comfort will also be given consideration in designing the school. With students occupied with a lot of visual tasks in school (i.e. reading and writing), the school will provide a balance combination of natural and artificial lighting systems. The school will also use pastel colors for the walls. Daylighting Modern schools use as much natural daylight as possible, since it provides the best quality source of light for visual tasks. Daylight enhances the appearance and color of the objects, while at the same time research has shown that the proper use of daylight also enhances the performance of the students. Furthermore, the use of daylight as a light source in the school also gives the school much cost-savings from electrical lighting. The school will optimize the use of daylighting, by using daylight in the classrooms and some offices within building, while at the same time, avoiding heat gain, heat loss and glare from the sun. Safety and Security The school will be safe and secured at all times by having a controlled access to the school premises. A secure fence will be built to control access to school grounds. Entrance and exit points will be limited and provided with security guards, with visual surveillance. High-risk spaces will be protected by high security locks. The design of the school will be in such a way that is easily surveyed minimizing spaces hidden from sight, proper lighting outside the school to assist easy surveillance during nighttime and key public areas such as parking areas, drop-off points and entrance/exit points are easily visible from inside the building. Building Materials As part of the sustainability aim of the school, the materials used for construction will be significantly considered. The school will use materials that are durable, but at the same time non-toxic, highly recyclable and made more on recycled materials. HVAC System The HVAC system, which includes the heating, ventilating and air conditioning system of the school, is very important in providing a comfortable and healthy environment for the students, teachers, administrators and visitors. The schools HVAC system will utilize a highly efficient equipment, appropriately sized for the demands of the school and comprise controls that will enhance the performance of the HVAC system. Building Envelope The building envelope, which includes the roofs, windows, floors and walls of the school building, is critical in improve energy efficiency. The school will use an energy efficient building envelope that will put together and optimize the levels of insulation, shading, thermal mass, glazing and air leakage control through the use of shading devices, light colored surfaces and high performance glazing. Flexibility and Adaptability Accepting that nothing is constant except change, the school will be designed in order to cater flexibility and adaptability. The school will use flexible stations for equipment, easily movable and transferred to another area in case of modifications of the area. The different units within the school will be designed to give way to changes in furniture layouts and functions. Resources Used: LA Unified School District. (2010, January). School Design Guide. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www.laschools.org/employee/design/fs-design-guide/download/2010/LAUSD_School_Design_Guide_2010_Version.pdf?version_id=84218872 National Institute of Building Sciences. (2010). Retrieved March 25, 2010, from Whole Building Design Guide: http://www.wbdg.org/ New Jersey Schools Construction Corporation. (2007, May 15). 21st Century Schools Design Manual. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www.njsda.gov/Business/Doc_Form/PDFsForms/DM.pdf